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Technical Support We're Here to Help Our expert team is ready to assist you with any technical issues – big or small. With remote support, fast repairs, and local-language assistance, we minimize downtime and keep your systems running smoothly. Use our inquiry tool or reach out via email: support @ freiberginstruments.com Our Support Remote Assistance Quick troubleshooting and guidance via phone, email, or remote access. Fast Repairs & Maintenance Swift service to restore your device’s functionality as soon as possible. Local-Language Support Assistance in multiple languages to ensure clear and efficient communication. Spare Parts & Upgrades Genuine components and system enhancements to keep your instruments up to date. Fast, reliable support makes all the difference. Our goal is to keep your systems running smoothly so you can focus on what matters most– your results. Martin Ferkinghoff Head of Service Discover more Products Learn more Solutions Learn more Company Learn more

PID Technology Physical Nature of PID-s In the field a large potential between the front glass surface and the solar cells in a module can occur and a shunting of the p-n junction of a Si solar cell and accordingly a decrease in… Learn more Comparison of PID Test Methods The PIDcon test has the following advantages compared to other methods:Short duration (usually 4–8h), High variability: test of solar cell, mini-module, glass and EVA, Good control of test… Learn more Dependencies of PID Susceptibility For more information please read:[1] V. Naumann, Ursachenanalyse und physikalische Modellbildung für potenzial-induzierte Degradation von Silizium-Solarzellen, Dissertation,… Learn more Conductance Test and Power Loss Furthermore an easy pass or fail criterion after finishing the PID measurement is suggested. It is assumed that an efficiency loss of 3% at the end of the PID test lead to a fail of the solar… Learn more

MDP Technology Electrical Characterization The performance of semiconductor devices depends fundamentally on key electrical parameters of the material and therefore also on defect densities and their electrical properties. Even in a single crystal, the crystal orientation can exhibit small changes over the surface, which result from internal strains caused by lattice defects. Orderly grown thin films can also have an interesting in-plane orientation distribution. Mapping a surface requires a lot of measurements. Here the Omega Scan method can offer its advantage in speed. The picture shows an orientation map measured on a (Si, Ge) solid solution wafer . The maximum orientation difference is 0.03°. Concentric circles follow the growth rings of the crystal. Minority carrier lifetime The measured effective lifetime is composed of the bulk lifetime and surface lifetime, which depends on the surface properties of a sample. Hence the surface has to be passivated, if you want… Learn more Photoconductivity When light of sufficient energy is absorbed by a semiconductor, the number of free electrons and holes changes and raises the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor. This increase is… Learn more Resistivity The electrical resistivity directly depends on the density of the semiconductor and is therefore a useful parameter to monitor doping profiles and homogeneity. The lifetime and diffusion length… Learn more Mobility The mobility is a quantity related to the drift velocity of electrons or holes in an applied electric field across a material. The mobility depends on different scattering processes that can… Learn more Diffusion length Learn more Defect properties The properties of a defect and its impact on the material quality can be described by three main parameters:defect concentration NT, capture cross sections for electrons and holes σn, σp,… Learn more Simulation of carrier profiles For a better understanding of lifetime measurements and to achieve a better comparability between different measuring methods, it is necessary to perform simulations. Lifetime simulations From the simulated time dependent carrier concentrations the photoconductivity can be calculated using the mobility model of DORKEL and LETURCQ [2] . The minority carrier lifetime can be… Learn more Simulation of carrier profiles The measurement of thick samples as bricks leads to new questions and problems. One of these questions is how the carrier profiles that develops in a sample effect the lifetime measurements. To… Learn more More technologies Microwave detected photoconductivity (MDP) The novel method MDP is well suited for both, defect investigation by e.g. injection dependent minority carrier lifetime measurements, as well as mapping of wafers or even bricks for inline… Learn more Comparison to µ-PCD and QSSPC Besides MDP the two most important contact less lifetime measuring methods are QSSPC (quasi steady state photoconductivity) and µ-PCD (microwave detected photoconductive decay). Currently one… Learn more MD-PICTS MD-PICTS is a modification of MDP, where temperature dependent measurements of the defect part of the transient are accomplished. This allows for a spatially resolved defect characterization.… Learn more Penetration depth of different laser wavelength in silicon The microwave detected photoconductivity measures the photoconductivity after the irradiation of the sample with light. Usually the light should have an energy that is higher than the bandgap,… Learn more Materials Electrical properties and defects of a large variety of semiconductor materials, devices and dielectric materials can be investigated contact less and destruction with our advanced method MDP.… Learn more

HR-SPS Technology Electrical and optical characterization using surface photovoltage spe Photocarrier generation and separation mechanisms, Minority carrier lifetime measurement/Diffusion length calculations, Trapped carrier dynamics, time resolved, Surface Photovoltage… Learn more SPV signal analysis: fits and simulations We are currently developing simulation tools to enable first principle calculations of the electronic structure in a given photoactive material or material combination, based on solid-state… Learn more Comparison between MPD and SPV techniques MDP (microwave detected photoconductivity): sensitive to moving photogenerated charge carriers (bulk property), SPV (surface photovoltage): sensitive to surface AND bulk properties with respect… Learn more Static, transient or modulated light excitation pro and con The time-resolved or frequency-modulated, surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) is based on a time-resolved/frequency modulated measurement of the spectral dependence of the surface… Learn more SPV-Picts SPV temperature dependence measurements Use this option to make SPV measurements at different temperatures between room temperature and 200°C. Temperature-dependent SPV measurements can be applied to measure activation energies or to… Learn more Materials Any photoactive material from raw material to finished device:From powder-based samples over wafers to boules or ingots. From 10 x 10 mm2 and up to 300 mm diameter, From titanium dioxide over… Learn more

XRD Technology Omega-scan Ultra-Fast Orientation Measurement for Single Crystals Learn more Theta-scan Precision X-ray Method for Single Crystal Orientation Learn more

Thanga Kumar Sales Director I like the spirit of Freiberg Instruments: innovative, team-oriented, dynamic. Thanga Kumar Sales Director He develops and implements sales strategies, maintains customer relationships and has been driving the business development of Freiberg Instruments for over 10 years. He wants to further drive the growth of #TeamFI and strengthen its position as a leading provider of measurement technology solutions. Thanga, why do you work at Freiberg Instruments? Freiberg Instruments is an extremely exciting company that has grown massively in recent years. Here I can constantly develop my skills and realize my full potential. I like the spirit of Freiberg Instruments: innovative, team-oriented, dynamic. What skills are crucial for your specialist area? Communication is the be-all and end-all. A technical understanding in the field of measurement technology helps to better understand our products. Sales experience is also important. Through continuous training, the promotion of further training opportunities and the chance to take on responsibility in various projects, I can constantly develop my skills at Freiberg Instruments. The biggest challenge in your job? We are in a dynamic, constantly changing market environment. Keeping pace with customer requirements and achieving our sales targets at the same time is a tough but also motivating challenge. Together, we can create real added value for our customers and drive the development of companies. Your best FI moment? In 2017, we received the Oskar Patzelt Foundation's Grand Prize for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises for our innovative product development. A great moment for our entire team and incredibly nice recognition. How do you balance your job? Definitely traveling and getting to know new cultures. I currently have just over 60 country points, spread over 6 continents. My next destination: Peru and Bolivia. Thanga is Driven by Innovation Let's drive innovation together Current job openings Get to know the team Dr. Viktoriia Nikonova Productmanager Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy Learn more Dr. Christian Hagendorf Projekt- & Key Account Manager XRD Series Learn more Martin Ferkinghoff Head of Service Learn more Marcus Richter Application & Service Engineer XRD Learn more Burkhard Winkler Senior Sales Engineer for semiconductors and automation Learn more Diana Trinks Assistant to the management Learn more Marcus Göhler Head of Electronics Development Learn more Dr. Nadine Schüler Head of Research and Development Learn more

Skip breadcrumb navigation Breadcrumb Freiberg Instruments Products Luminescence Dating and Dosimetry lexsygresearch Configuration options Thermal stimulation Thermal stimulation Thermal stimulation up to 710 °C, allowing user-defined heating and cooling cycles for TL, preheating and elevated temperature OSL Interested? Get in touch! Contact now Ceramic heating element allows highly reliable and more consistent measurements. The heating element is cooled by continuous flow of nitrogen or compressed air. Thermoluminescence (TL), preheat (PH) including elevated temperature luminescence measurements (OSL, RL, etc.) as well as elevated temperature irradiation (at ionizing irradiation and “solar-light” position) are possible during any part of a heating/cooling cycle, which is almost freely programmable including non-linear heating/cooling functions. Heating rate: 0.1 - 20.0 C/s (@Tmax= up to 710 °C) Highly flexible step-wise programming of heating / cooling cycles within system parameters (i.e. temperature and heating/cooling rates) Software options for further temperature control (e.g. non-linear functions)

Skip breadcrumb navigation Breadcrumb Freiberg Instruments Products Luminescence Dating and Dosimetry lexsygsmart Configuration options Thermal stimulation (TL) Thermal stimulation Thermal stimulation up to 710 °C, allowing user-defined heating and cooling cycles for TL, preheating and elevated temperature OSL Interested? Get in touch! Contact now Ceramic heating element allows highly reliable and more consistent measurements. The heating element is cooled by continuous flow of nitrogen or compressed air. Thermoluminescence (TL), preheat (PH) including elevated temperature luminescence measurements (OSL, RL, etc.) as well as elevated temperature irradiation (at ionizing irradiation and “solar-light” position) are possible during any part of a heating/cooling cycle, which is almost freely programmable including non-linear heating/cooling functions. Heating rate: 0.1 - 20.0 C/s (@Tmax= up to 710 °C) Highly flexible step-wise programming of heating / cooling cycles within system parameters (i.e. temperature and heating/cooling rates) Software options for further temperature control (e.g. non-linear functions)

Thermoluminescence Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), radiation protection dosimetry Thermoluminescence (TL) is a backbone in radiation protection dosimetry with a long tradition and used for a wide range of dosimetric purposes, including accident dosimetry, retrospective dosimetry, environmental dosimetry, personal dosimetry, clinical dosimetry, … Li-dosemeters: LiB, LiAlO 2 , LiF:Mg,Ti, LiF:Mg,Cu,P, Dosemeters: MTS, MCP, TLD-100, GR-200, TLD-200, TLD-300, TLD-400, TLD-500, TLD-600, TLD-700, … AlO-dosemeters: Al 2 O 3 :C, Al 2 O 3 :C,Mg, Al 2 O 3 :Ti,Si, .. CaSO-dosemeters: CaSO 4 :Dy, CaSO 4 :Tm, CaSO 4 :Eu, … MgO-dosemeters: MgO:Fe, MgO:LN, … BaSO-dosemeters: BaSo 4 :Eu, BaSo 4 :EuP CaF-dosemeters: CaF 2 :Tm, CaF 2 :Mg, … In the form of powder, discs, cubes, rods, chips, … Dating of heated archaeological objects Sądel, M., Bilski, P., and Swakoń, J. (2014). Relative TL and OSL efficiency to protons of various dosimetric materials. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 161, 112-115. Tang, K., Fan, H., Cui, H., Zhu, H., and Liu, Z. (2015). Further studies on the role of dopants in LiF:Mg,Cu,Si thermoluminescent material. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 163, 288-291. Thermoluminescence of beta irradiated (~ 1 Gy) MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) measured with a lexsyg cube (TL reader) Matching Products TL/OSL series lexsygresearch The most advanced TL/OSL reader Learn more TL/OSL series TLDcube A modern TLD reader by Freiberg Instruments Learn more TL/OSL series lexsygsmart The most sensitive TL/OSL reader Learn more Get in touch Do not hesitate to contact us – we are available to assist you with any inquiries or requests. Use our inquiry tool or reach out via email: sales @ freiberginstruments.com

Your Thesis at Freiberg Instruments Turn Your Ideas into Innovation Are you looking for an exciting and innovative environment to complete your Bachelor’s or Master’s thesis ? At Freiberg Instruments, we offer ambitious students the opportunity to work on cutting-edge projects in natural sciences and engineering . Join us and gain hands-on experience in a company that is driven by innovation . Fields of Research Natural Sciences (Physics, Material Science, etc.) Engineering (Electronics, Mechanical Engineering, etc.) Your Profile Background in physics, natural sciences, or engineering Analytical and problem-solving mindset Creativity and innovative thinking Independent working style with a hands-on mentality Strong teamwork and communication skills Entrepreneurial mindset and a passion for technology Your Contribution Support project teams with your specialized expertise and take on your own projects or contribute to ongoing research. Solve complex scientific and technical challenges independently, expanding your knowledge and skills. Your Workplace Work at our headquarters in Freiberg (Saxony) and collaborate with leading experts in metrology. Depending on the project, remote work is possible for certain tasks. You will be part of an innovative and supportive environment where your ideas matter. With state-of-the-art labs, modern office spaces, and a dynamic team , you’ll have everything you need to bring your ideas and thesis to the next level. Your Opportunity – Apply now Take the first step towards an exciting career and gain valuable industry experience while working on real-world challenges. We look forward to your application. Sending your resume and preferred start date to jobs @ freiberginstruments.com Questions? We are here for you. Nancy Gallasch Human Resources Manager +49 3731 419 54 93 Contact now